Annual Report 2024

Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami Trust NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the year ended 31 December 2024 in thousands of USD 17 2. Accounting policies (continued) Material accounting policies (continued) Financial assets (continued) Business model: the business model reflects how the Group manages the assets in order to generate cash flows. That is, whether the Group’s objective is solely to collect the contractual cash flows from the assets or is to collect both the contractual cash flows and cash flows arising from the sale of assets. If neither of these is applicable (e.g. financial assets are held for trading purposes), then the financial assets are classified as part of ‘other’ business model and measured at FVTPL. Factors considered by the Group in determining the business model for a Group of assets include past experience on how the cash flows for these assets were collected, how the asset’s performance is evaluated and reported to key management personnel, how risks are assessed and managed and how managers are compensated. SPPI: Where the business model is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows or to collect contractual cash flows and sell, the Group assesses whether the financial instruments; cash flows represent solely payments of principal and profit (the ‘SPPI’ test). In making the assessment, the Group considers whether the contractual cash flows are consistent with a basic lending arrangement i.e. profit includes only consideration for the time value of money, credit risk, other basic lending risks and a profit margin that is consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that is inconsistent with lending arrangement, the related financial assets are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss. The Group reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes. The reclassification takes place from the start of the first reporting period following the change. Such changes are expected to be very infrequent, and none occurred during the period. Equity instruments Equity instruments are instruments that meet the definition of equity from the issuer's perspective, that is, instruments that do not contain a contractual obligation to pay and that evidence a residual profit in the issuer’s net assets. The Group subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value through profit or loss, except where the Group’s management has elected, at initial recognition, to irrevocably designate an equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income. The Group’s policy is to designate equity instruments as FVOCI when those investments are held for purposes other than to generate investment returns. When this election is used, fair value gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss, including on disposal. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) are not reported separately from other changes in fair value. Dividends, when representing a return on such investment, continue to be recognised in the consolidated statement of income as other income when the Group’s right to receive payments is established. Gains and losses on equity investments at FVTPL are included in the ‘Investments carried at FVTPL’ line in the consolidated statement of income. Impairment The Group assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit loss (‘ECL’) associated with its debt instrument assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI and with the exposure arising from loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. The Group recognises a loss allowance for such losses at each reporting date. The measurement of ECL reflects: • An unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes; • The time value of money; and • Reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.